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In Memory of
Mr. Raymond Johnson *Would you be so kind and please click "Donate" just to make a donation to, The Raymond Johnson Memorial Fund? The fund is now in C/O ClassicShoppes.us. His brief but true story is touched on just below the video entitled, "Fetal development month by month," as you scroll downward.
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The Unique Galleria2 | CLICK ME
Today's Holiday
Turkmenistan Independence DayThis national holiday commemorates Turkmenistan's independence from the U.S.S.R. on October 27, 1991. Turkmenistan and other republics were gradually able to establish their own autonomous states due to the relaxation of Soviet rule influenced by the policy of perestroika. When the Soviet Union ceased to exist in December 1991, their independence was assured. More... |
Today's Holiday
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Quote of the Day
So, naturalists observe, a flea Has smaller fleas that on him prey; And these have smaller still to bite 'em; And so proceed ad infinitum. Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) |
Quote of the Day
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I sincerely hope that you have already taken in & enjoyed this video entitled, "Fetal development month by month." Vividly, it shows the remarkable development of a human life. If you have not as yet watched the video, please take the time to do so now. This video is only 6 minutes, 35 seconds in length.
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~Mr. Raymond Johnson~
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~Grandfather clause~ |
*ClassicShoppes.us is now proud to present to you, The Unique Galleria 1, 2, 3 and 4. It welcomes each and everyone of you here & thanks you for dropping in. This site has been created in honor & memory of my blood brother who lost his life as an innocent, unarmed bystander at the ripe, tender young age of "17" back in the year 1955, here within the State of Louisiana; the victim of hatred, scorn & violence. His name, Mr. Raymond Johnson. To date, I only have a general clue as to where his "Remains" can be found. I strongly desire to pinpoint his exact burial location, obtain a "Judicial Exhumation Order," have my brother's "Remains" exhumed, make positive identification, give him not only a respectable but a fully documented & honorable burial space; complete with a new casket and his very own humble headstone. Now, I'm asking you, the general public for your donations to assist me in this very worthy & very personal memorial effort. You may use any one of only 4 flame lit Donate Buttons including the one above to make your generous donation. Your ATM and/or Debit Card with a Visa or MasterCard logo are also accepted in making a generous donation to, "The Raymond Johnson Memorial Fund," c/o ClassicShoppes.us. Many thanks in advance for any size donation you can afford to make. Based on all available evidentiary documentation, I am his blood brother. My name, Mr. Sammy Johnson.
Source: Ancestry and/or family research of the Louisiana State Archives; death records over 50 years old as of July 15, 2023, 12:00 AM CDT |
"The term originated in late nineteenth-century legislation and constitutional amendments passed by a number of Southern U. S. states, which created new requirements for literacy tests, payment of poll taxes and residency and property restrictions to register to vote. States in some cases exempted those whose ancestors (i. e., grandfathers) had the right to vote before the American Civil War or as of a particular date from such requirements. The intent and effect of such rules was to prevent former African-American slaves and their descendants from voting but without denying poor and illiterate whites the right to vote. Although these original grandfather clauses were eventually ruled unconstitutional, the terms grandfather clause and grandfather have been adapted to other uses. The original grandfather clauses were contained in new state constitutions and Jim Crow laws passed between 1890 and 1908 by white-dominated state legislatures including Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Virginia. They restricted voter registration, effectively preventing African Americans from voting. Racial restrictions on voting in place before 1870 were nullified by the Fifteenth Amendment. After Democrats took control of state legislatures again before and after the Compromise of 1877, they began to work to restrict the ability of blacks to vote. Paramilitary groups such as the White League, Red Shirts, and rifle clubs had intimidated blacks or barred them from the polls in numerous elections before what they called the Redemption (restoration of white supremacy). Nonetheless, a coalition of Populists and Republicans in fusion tickets in the 1880s and 1890s gained some seats and won some governor positions. To prevent such coalitions in the future, the Democrats wanted to exclude freedmen and other blacks from voting; in some states they also restricted poor whites to avoid biracial coalitions. White Democrats developed statutes and passed new constitutions creating restrictive voter registration rules. Examples included imposition of poll taxes and residency and literacy tests. An exemption to such requirements was made for all persons allowed to vote before the American Civil War, and any of their descendants. The term grandfather clause arose from the fact that the laws tied the then-current generation's voting rights to those of their grandfathers. According to Black's Law Dictionary, some Southern states adopted constitutional provisions exempting from the literacy requirements descendants of those who fought in the army or navy of the United States or of the Confederate States during a time of war. After the U. S. Supreme Court found such provisions unconstitutional in Guinn v. United States (1915), states were forced to stop using the grandfather clauses to provide exemption to literacy tests. Without the grandfather clauses, tens of thousands of poor Southern whites were disenfranchised in the early 20th century. As decades passed, Southern states tended to expand the franchise for poor whites, but most blacks could not vote until after passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. Ratification in 1964 of the Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibited the use of poll taxes in federal elections, but some states continued to use them in state elections. The 1965 Voting Rights Act had provisions to protect voter registration and access to elections, with federal enforcement and supervision where necessary. In 1966, the Supreme Court ruled in Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections that poll taxes could not be used in any elections. This secured the franchise for most citizens, and voter registration and turnout climbed dramatically in Southern states."
Source: Wikipedia.org | February 5, 2023, 6:00 PM CDT |
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~Where Class & Distinction Meets~
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